～させられる / ～せられる (causative-passive)
The causative-passive form passively denotes that the modified verb is being forced upon the subject. To make the causative form of an Ichidan verb, just add ～させられる to the verb base. To make the causative-passive form of a Godan verb, use the "a" formative and add ～せられる:
| Ichidan - Vowel Stem Verbs |
| 見る [miru] |
見させられる [misaserareru] |
見させられます [misaseraremasu] |
| 出る [deru] |
出させられる [desaserareru] |
出させられます [desaseraremasu] |
| Godan - Consonant Stem Verbs |
| 話す [hanasu] |
話させられる [hanasaserareru] |
話させられます [hanasaseraremasu] |
| 飛ぶ [tobu] |
飛ばせられる [tobaserareru] |
飛ばせられます [tobaseraremasu] |
| 読む [yomu] |
読ませられる [yomaserareru] |
読ませられます [yomaseraremasu] |
| 死ぬ [shinu] |
死なせられる [shinaserareru] |
死なせられます [shinaseraremasu] |
| 聞く [kiku] |
聞かせられる [kikaserareru] |
聞かせられます [kikaseraremasu] |
| 泳ぐ [oyogu] |
泳がせられる [oyogaserareru] |
泳がせられます [oyogaseraremasu] |
| 待つ [matsu] |
待たせられる [mataserareru] |
待たせられます [mataseraremasu] |
| 習う [narau] |
習わせられる [narawaserareru] |
習わせられます [narawaseraremasu] |
| 座る [suwaru] |
座らせられる [suwaraserareru] |
座らせられます [suwaraseraremasu] |
| Henkaku - Irregular Verbs |
| する [suru] |
させられる [saserareru] |
させられます [saseraremasu] |
| 来る [kuru] |
来させられる [kosaserareru] |
来させられます [kosaseraremasu] |
| 行く [iku] |
行かせられる [ikaserareru] |
行かせられます [ikaseraremasu] |
- 日本語を教えさせられました。 I was forced to teach Japanese.
Causative-passive form is also used for high-honorific speech. It will generally be understood from the context of the sentence when this form should be construed as causative-passive and when it is meant as high-honorific. Note that in the following example the purpose of the verb suffix is to make the sentence highly honorific not as causative-passive:
- 陛下が日本語を教えさせられました。 His majesty did us the honor of teaching Japanese. (His majesty taught Japanese.)